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Mouloud Mammeri
Mouloud Mammeri is an Amazigh writer, poet, anthropologist and linguist. Born on December 28, 1917 in Tawrirt Mimun, Ait Yanni, in Tizi Ouzou Province, Algeria; died in February 1989 near Aïn Defla in a car accident while returning from a conference in Oujda, Morocco.
== Biography ==
Mouloud Mammeri attended a primary school in his native village. In 1928 he emigrated to Morocco to live in his uncle's house in Rabat. Four years later he returned to Algiers and pursued his studies at Bugeaud College. He then went to Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris intending to join the École Normale Supérieure. Conscripted in 1939 and discharged in October 1940, Mouloud Mammeri registered at the Faculté des Lettres d’Alger. Re-conscripted in 1942 after the American landing, he participated in the allied campaigns in France, Italy, and Germany.
After the end of the war, he received his degree as a professor of arts and returned to Algeria in September 1947 . He taught in Médéa, and then in Ben Aknoun, and published his first novel, '' The Forgotten Hill '' in 1952. He was forced to leave Algiers in 1957 because of the Algerian War. Mouloud came back to Algeria shortly after its independence, in 1962. From 1965 to 1972 he taught Tamazight at the university in the department of ethnology. Teaching Tamazight was prohibited in 1962 by the Algerian government. He voluntarily taught some Berber courses under certain permission until 1973, when certain courses such as ethnology and anthropology were judged as "colonial sciences" and disbanded. From 1969 to 1980 Mouloud Mammeri directed the Anthropological, Prehistoric and Ethnographic Research center at Algiers (CRAPE). He also headed the first national union of Algerian writers for a time, until he left due to disagreements over views of the role of writers in society. In 1969 Mouloud Mammeri collected and published texts of the Amazigh poet Si Mohand. In 1980, the prohibition of one of his conferences at Tizi Ouzou on Amazigh poetry caused riots and what would be called the Amazigh Spring.
In 1982, he founded the Center of Amazigh Studies and Research (CERAM) and a periodical called ''Awal'' (''The Word'') in Paris, and organized several seminars on amazigh language and literature at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS). Thus he was able to compile a wealth of information on the Amazigh language and literature. In 1988 Mouloud Mammeri received an honorary doctorate from Sorbonne. Mouloud Mammeri died the evening of February 26, 1989 in a car accident, which took place near Ain-Defla on his return from a symposium in Oujda (Morocco). His funeral was spectacular, with more than 200,000 people in attendance. No officials attended the funeral, where the crowd organized in demonstrating against the government.
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